Simply put, this is just a Raspberry Pi with a camera module put outside in a weather-proof enclosure pointed up at the sky and taking pictures periodically. It's most interesting at night (the local time zone is US Eastern Time,) where it takes long exposures, with the intent in capturing night sky objects and phenomenon.
This is done with AllSky by Thomas Jacquin to make it easy to automate and manage the camera. This is the software responsible for generating and uploading the current picture, nightly timelapses, keograms, and startrails.
That is the Clear Sky Chart for a nearby observatory, provided by Clear Dark Sky. This shows the cloud cover and atmospheric transparency for the next 80 hours at a glance. In general, the more blue the blocks are in each column, the better the conditions are for sky viewing.
A keogram is an image that shows the center of the image over the course of the night. This allows for quickly analyzing overnight activity and is most useful for quickly finding aurora activity. More information on keograms is available here.